C programming Interview questions and answers: #include directive in c

Syntax:

#include <filename>

#include “filename”

Task of include directive is to include or import any type file. There are two form of include directive.

Form 1:

#include<filename>: This statement will search the file in include directory (Default location of include directory is c:\tc\include). If that file is present then #include statement is replaced by content of file. If that file is not present then it will cause of compilation error. For example: (In turbo C 3.0)

//test.c

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main(){

clrscr();

printf("HOW large is this file?");

getch();

}

In first look you may think above c program content only seven lines. But it is not true. If you will see its intermediate file first two include statement has been replaced by content of file stdio.h and conio.h respectively. Suppose you have saved above file at c:\tc\bin as test.c. First compile the test.c then in command prompt write:

c:\tc\bin>cpp test.c (Press enter key)

c:\tc\bin>type test.i (Press enter key)

You will get following intermediate file:

test.c 1:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 1:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 2:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 3:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 4:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 5:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 6:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 7:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 8:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 9:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 10:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 11:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 12:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 13:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 1:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 2:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 3:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 4:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 5:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 6:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 7:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 8:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 9:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 10:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 11:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 12:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 13:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 14:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 15:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 16:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 17:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 18:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 19:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 20:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 21:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 22:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 23:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 24:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 25:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 26:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 27:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 28:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 29:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 30:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 31:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 32:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 33:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 34:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 35:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 36:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 37:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 38:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 39:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 40:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 41:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 42:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 43:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 44:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 45:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 46:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 47:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 48:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 49:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 50:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 51:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 52:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_defs.h 53:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 14:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 15:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 16:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 17:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 1:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 2:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 3:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 4:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 5:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 6:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 7:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 8:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 9:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 10:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 11:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 12:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 13:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 14:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 15:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 16:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\_null.h 17:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 18:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 19:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 20:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 21:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 22: typedef unsigned size_t;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 23:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 24:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 25:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 26:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 27: typedef long fpos_t;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 28:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 29:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 30:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 31:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 32: typedef struct {

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 33: int level;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 34: unsigned flags;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 35: char fd;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 36: unsigned char hold;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 37: int bsize;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 38: unsigned char *buffer;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 39: unsigned char *curp;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 40: unsigned istemp;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 41: short token;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 42: } FILE;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 43:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 44:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 45:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 46:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 47:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 48:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 49:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 50:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 51:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 52:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 53:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 54:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 55:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 56:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 57:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 58:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 59:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 60:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 61:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 62:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 63:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 64:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 65:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 66:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 67:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 68:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 69:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 70:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 71:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 72:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 73:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 74:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 75:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 76:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 77:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 78:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 79:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 80:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 81:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 82:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 83:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 84:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 85:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 86:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 87:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 88:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 89:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 90:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 91:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 92:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 93:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 94:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 95:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 96:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 97:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 98:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 99:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 100:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 101:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 102:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 103: extern FILE cdecl _streams[];

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 104: extern unsigned cdecl _nfile;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 105:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 106:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 107:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 108:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 109:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 110:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 111:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 112:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 113:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 114:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 115:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 116:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 117:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 118:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 119:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 120:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 121:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 122:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 123:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 124:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 125:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 126:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 127:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 128:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 129:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 130:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 131:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 132:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 133:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 134:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 135:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 136: void cdecl clearerr(FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 137: int cdecl fclose(FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 138: int cdecl fflush(FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 139: int cdecl fgetc(FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 140: int cdecl fgetpos(FILE *__stream, fpos_t *__pos);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 141: char *cdecl fgets(char *__s, int __n, FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 142: FILE *cdecl fopen(const char *__path, const char *__mode);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 143: int cdecl fprintf(FILE *__stream, const char *__format, ...);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 144: int cdecl fputc(int __c, FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 145: int cdecl fputs(const char *__s, FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 146: size_t cdecl fread(void *__ptr, size_t __size, size_t __n,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 147: FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 148: FILE *cdecl freopen(const char *__path, const char *__mode,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 149: FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 150: int cdecl fscanf(FILE *__stream, const char *__format, ...);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 151: int cdecl fseek(FILE *__stream, long __offset, int __whence);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 152: int cdecl fsetpos(FILE *__stream, const fpos_t *__pos);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 153: long cdecl ftell(FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 154: size_t cdecl fwrite(const void *__ptr, size_t __size, size_t __n,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 155: FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 156: char *cdecl gets(char *__s);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 157: void cdecl perror(const char *__s);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 158: int cdecl printf(const char *__format, ...);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 159: int cdecl puts(const char *__s);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 160: int cdecl remove(const char *__path);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 161: int cdecl rename(const char *__oldname,const char *__newname);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 162: void cdecl rewind(FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 163: int cdecl scanf(const char *__format, ...);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 164: void cdecl setbuf(FILE *__stream, char *__buf);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 165: int cdecl setvbuf(FILE *__stream, char *__buf,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 166: int __type, size_t __size);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 167: int cdecl sprintf(char *__buffer, const char *__format, ...);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 168: int cdecl sscanf(const char *__buffer,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 169: const char *__format, ...);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 170: char *cdecl strerror(int __errnum);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 171: FILE *cdecl tmpfile(void);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 172: char *cdecl tmpnam(char *__s);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 173: int cdecl ungetc(int __c, FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 174: int cdecl vfprintf(FILE *__stream, const char *__format,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 175: void *__arglist);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 176: int cdecl vfscanf(FILE *__stream, const char *__format,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 177: void *__arglist);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 178: int cdecl vprintf(const char *__format, void *__arglist);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 179: int cdecl vscanf(const char *__format, void *__arglist);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 180: int cdecl vsprintf(char *__buffer, const char *__format,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 181: void *__arglist);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 182: int cdecl vsscanf(const char *__buffer, const char *__format,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 183: void *__arglist);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 184: int cdecl unlink(const char *__path);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 185: int cdecl getc(FILE *__fp);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 186:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 187: int cdecl getchar(void);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 188: int cdecl putchar(const int __c);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 189:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 190: int cdecl putc(const int __c, FILE *__fp);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 191: int cdecl feof(FILE *__fp);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 192: int cdecl ferror(FILE *__fp);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 193:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 194:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 195:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 196: int cdecl fcloseall(void);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 197: FILE *cdecl fdopen(int __handle, char *__type);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 198: int cdecl fgetchar(void);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 199: int cdecl flushall(void);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 200: int cdecl fputchar(int __c);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 201: FILE * cdecl _fsopen (const char *__path, const char *__mode,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 202: int __shflag);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 203: int cdecl getw(FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 204: int cdecl putw(int __w, FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 205: int cdecl rmtmp(void);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 206: char * cdecl _strerror(const char *__s);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 207: char * cdecl tempnam(char *__dir, char *__pfx);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 208:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 209:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 210:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 211:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 212: int cdecl _fgetc(FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 213: int cdecl _fputc(char __c, FILE *__stream);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 214:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 215:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 216:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 217:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 218:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 219:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 220:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 221:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 222:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 223:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 224:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 225:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 226:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 227:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 228:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 229:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 230:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 231:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 232:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 233:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 234:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 235:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 236:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 237:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 238:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 239:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\stdio.h 240:

test.c 2:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 1:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 2:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 3:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 4:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 5:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 6:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 7:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 8:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 9:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 10:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 11:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 12:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 13:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 14:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 15:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 16:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 17:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 18:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 19:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 20: struct text_info {

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 21: unsigned char winleft;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 22: unsigned char wintop;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 23: unsigned char winright;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 24: unsigned char winbottom;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 25: unsigned char attribute;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 26: unsigned char normattr;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 27: unsigned char currmode;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 28: unsigned char screenheight;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 29: unsigned char screenwidth;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 30: unsigned char curx;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 31: unsigned char cury;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 32: };

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 33:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 34: enum text_modes { LASTMODE=-1, BW40=0, C40, BW80, C80, MONO=7, C4350=64 };

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 35:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 36:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 37:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 38:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 39: enum COLORS {

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 40: BLACK,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 41: BLUE,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 42: GREEN,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 43: CYAN,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 44: RED,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 45: MAGENTA,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 46: BROWN,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 47: LIGHTGRAY,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 48: DARKGRAY,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 49: LIGHTBLUE,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 50: LIGHTGREEN,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 51: LIGHTCYAN,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 52: LIGHTRED,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 53: LIGHTMAGENTA,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 54: YELLOW,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 55: WHITE

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 56: };

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 57:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 58:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 59:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 60:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 61: extern int cdecl directvideo;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 62: extern int cdecl _wscroll;

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 63:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 64:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 65:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 66:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 67:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 68: void cdecl clreol( void );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 69: void cdecl clrscr( void );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 70: void cdecl gotoxy( int __x, int __y );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 71: int cdecl wherex( void );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 72: int cdecl wherey( void );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 73: int cdecl getch( void );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 74: int cdecl getche( void );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 75: int cdecl kbhit( void );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 76: int cdecl putch( int __c );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 77:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 78:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 79: int cdecl inp( unsigned __portid );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 80: unsigned cdecl inpw( unsigned __portid );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 81: int cdecl outp( unsigned __portid, int __value );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 82: unsigned cdecl outpw( unsigned __portid, unsigned __value );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 83: unsigned char cdecl inportb( int __portid );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 84: void cdecl outportb( int __portid, unsigned char __value );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 85:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 86:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 87: int cdecl inport( int __portid );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 88: void cdecl outport( int __portid, int __value );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 89:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 90: void cdecl delline( void );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 91: int cdecl gettext( int __left, int __top,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 92: int __right, int __bottom,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 93: void *__destin);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 94: void cdecl gettextinfo (struct text_info *__r );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 95: void cdecl highvideo( void );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 96: void cdecl insline( void );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 97: void cdecl lowvideo( void );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 98: int cdecl movetext( int __left, int __top,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 99: int __right, int __bottom,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 100: int __destleft, int __desttop );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 101: void cdecl normvideo( void );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 102: int cdecl puttext( int __left, int __top,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 103: int __right, int __bottom,

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 104: void *__source );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 105: void cdecl textattr( int __newattr );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 106: void cdecl textbackground( int __newcolor );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 107: void cdecl textcolor( int __newcolor );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 108: void cdecl textmode( int __newmode );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 109: void cdecl window( int __left, int __top, int __right, int __bottom);

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 110:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 111: void cdecl _setcursortype( int __cur_t );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 112: char * cdecl cgets( char *__str );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 113: int cdecl cprintf( const char *__format, ... );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 114: int cdecl cputs( const char *__str );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 115: int cdecl cscanf( const char *__format, ... );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 116: char * cdecl getpass( const char *__prompt );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 117: int cdecl ungetch( int __ch );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 118:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 119:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 120:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 121:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 122:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 123:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 124:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 125: unsigned char cdecl __inportb__( int __portid );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 126: unsigned int cdecl __inportw__( int __portid );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 127: void cdecl __outportb__( int __portid, unsigned char __value );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 128: void cdecl __outportw__( int __portid, unsigned int __value );

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 129:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 130:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 131:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 132:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 133:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 134:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 135:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 136:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 137:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 138:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 139:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 140:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 141:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 142:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 143:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 144:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 145:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 146:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 147:

C:\TC\INCLUDE\conio.h 148:

test.c 3: void main(){

test.c 4: clrscr();

test.c 5: printf("HOW large is this file?");

test.c 6: getch();

test.c 7: }

test.c 8:

test.c 9:

Note: During the compilation process compiler automatically deletes its intermediate file because size of intermediate is large.

We can also write absolute path of file which we want to include by using #include directive. In such case it will search only that path. If it is present then it will replace the include statement by the content of file. For example:

(a)

Step1: Write following c program and save it as myfile.c at the location: c:\tc\bin\raja

int x;

int max(int a,int b){

return a>b?a:b;

}

Step2: Compile myfile.c

Step3: Write the following c code:

#include<c:\tc\include\stdio.h>

#include<c:\tc\bin\raja\myfile.c>

int main(){

x = max(20,40);

printf("%d",x);

return 0;

}

Step4: Save above c code any where you want then compile and execute the above code.

Output: 40

(b)

#include<c:\tc\bin\stdio.h>

int main(){

printf("Hello world");

return 0;

}

Output: Compilation error, unable to open the file stdio.h and conio.h

Form 2:

#include”filename”: This statement will first search the given file any current working directory and if it is not present then it will search include directory if it is also not present there then it will cause of compilation error, unable to open the file. If that file is present then include statement is replaced by content of file.

Example 1:

If file is present in the current working directory. Suppose my current working directory is c:\tc\bin

//c:\tc\bin\one.c

int a=5;

int b=10;

//c:\tc\bin\two.c

#include"stdio.h"

#include"one.c"

int main(){

printf("a=%d b=%d",a,b);

return 0;

}